TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART A LIST OF AMENDED CLAUSES IN THE BASE DOCUMENT.............. 3
PART B TEXT OF AMENDED CLAUSES IN THE BASE DOCUMENT ............ 6
Section 1 General ................................................................................................ 4
1.1 General Principles ................................................................................ 4
1.1.1 Applicability........................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Bridge Carriageway Widths .................................................................. 4
1.3.2 Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways.................................. 4
1.3.4 Vertical Clearance at Structures........................................................... 5
1.10 Australian Standards ............................................................................ 5
Section 2 Design Loads ...................................................................................... 8
2.3 Traffic Loading ...................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 L44 Lane Loading................................................................................. 6
2.3.4 Heavy Load Platform Loading .............................................................. 6
2.3.5 Number of Lanes for Design and Lateral Position of Loads................. 7
2.3.5.2 Heavy load platform loading ................................................................. 7
2.3.8 Fatigue Loading.................................................................................... 8
2.4.2 Dynamic Load Allowance -T44 Truck and L44 Lane loading............... 8
2.5.2 Braking forces....................................................................................... 8
2.5.4 Minimum Lateral Restraint Capacity - Ultimate Limit State.................. 9
2.8 Wind Loads........................................................................................... 9
2.8.1 General ................................................................................................. 9
2.8.2 Basic design wind speed...................................................................... 9
2.8.2.1 Derivation of site design gust wind speed (Vz) ................................... 10
2.8.2.2 Terrain Category................................................................................. 10
2.8.2.3 Terrain and structure height multiplier (M (z,cat) ) ................................. 11
2.8.2.5 Topographic multiplier (Mt) ................................................................. 13
2.8.3 Transverse wind load ......................................................................... 13
2.8.3.1 Area of structure for calculation of transverse wind load, At .............. 14
2.8.3.2 Calculation of drag coefficients, Cd..................................................... 14
2.8.4 Longitudinal Wind Load ......................................................................15
2.8.5 Vertical Wind Load..............................................................................16
2.9 Thermal Effects................................................................................... 16
2.9.2 Variation in Average Bridge Temperature .......................................... 16
2.9.3 Differential Temperatures. .................................................................. 17
2.13 Earthquake Forces ............................................................................. 18
2.13.1 General ............................................................................................... 18
2.13.2 Earthquake Resistant Design ............................................................. 18
2.13.4 Equivalent Quasi-Static Earthquake Forces....................................... 18
2.19 Road Signs and Lighting Structures................................................... 19
2.19.3 Design Wind Speeds ..........................................................................19
2.19.3.2 Ultimate Limit State............................................................................. 19
2.19.4 Design Wind Pressure........................................................................ 19
Section 3 Foundations ...................................................................................... 20
Section 4 Bearings And Deck Joints ............................................................... 20
Section 5 Concrete ............................................................................................ 23
5.1 Scope and General............................................................................. 21
5.1.1 Scope and Application........................................................................ 21
5.1.1.2 Application .......................................................................................... 21
5.1.5 Construction........................................................................................ 21
5.2 Design Requirements and Procedures .............................................. 21
5.2.4 Design for Serviceability ..................................................................... 21
5.2.4.3 Cracking.............................................................................................. 21
5.4 Design for Durability. .......................................................................... 21
5.4.3 Exposure Classification ...................................................................... 21
5.4.10 Requirements for Cover to Reinforcing Steel and Tendons............... 22
5.4.10.3 Cover for corrosion protection ............................................................ 22
5.6 Design Properties of Materials ........................................................... 23
5.6.1 Properties of Concrete........................................................................ 23
5.6.1.1 Strength .............................................................................................. 23
5.6.1.7 Shrinkage............................................................................................ 23
5.6.1.8 Creep .................................................................................................. 23
5.6.2 Properties of Reinforcement............................................................... 23
5.6.2.1 Strength .............................................................................................. 23
5.6.3 Properties of Tendons ........................................................................ 24
5.6.3.1 Strength .............................................................................................. 24
5.6.3.2 Modulus of elasticity ........................................................................... 24
5.6.3.4 Relaxation of tendons......................................................................... 24
5.13 Stress Development and Splicing of Reinforcement and Tendons.... 24
5.13.1 Stress Development in Reinforcement............................................... 24
5.13.1.2 Development length for bar in tension................................................ 24
5.14 Joints, Embedded Items, Fixings and Connections ........................... 25
5.14.2 Embedded Items and Holes in Concrete............................................ 25
5.14.2.2 Limitations of materials....................................................................... 25
5.16 Material Requirements ....................................................................... 25
5.16.1 Material Requirements for Concrete and Grout ................................. 25
5.16.1.1 Materials for concrete and grout......................................................... 25
5.16.1.2 Normal-class concrete........................................................................ 26
5.16.2 Material for Reinforcing Steel ............................................................. 27
5.16.2.1 Reinforcement .................................................................................... 27
5.16.3 Material Requirements for Prestressing Ducts, Anchorages and Tendons ... 27
5.16.3.4 Tendons.............................................................................................. 27
Appendix 5A Reference Documents ................................................................................. 27
Section 6 Steel And Composite Construction................................................ 31
6.2 Materials ............................................................................................. 29
6.2.1 Yield Stress and Tensile Stress used in Design. ............................... 29
6.2.4 Fasteners............................................................................................ 32
6.3.8 Design for Fire Resistance ................................................................. 32
Section 7 Rating................................................................................................. 33
Railway Supplement To Sections 1-5
1.1 General Principles .............................................................................. 33
1.1.1 Applicability......................................................................................... 33
PART A LIST OF AMENDED CLAUSES IN THE BASE DOCUMENT
Sections 1 to 7:
1.1.1................... (General Principles) Applicability
1.3.1................... (Geometric Requirements) Bridge Carriageway Widths
1.3.2................... Edge Clearances for Bridges Without Footways
1.3.4................... Vertical Clearance at Structures
1.10.................... Australian Standards
2.3.3................... (Traffic Loading) L44 Lane Loading
2.3.4................... (Traffic Loading) Heavy Platform Loading
2.3.5.2................ (Position of Loads) Heavy load Platform loadings
2.3.8................... Fatigue Loading
2.4.2................... (Dynamic Load Allowance) T44 Truck and L44 Lane Loading
2.5.2................... (Horizontal Forces) Braking Forces
2.5.4................... Minimum Lateral restraint Capacity – Ultimate Limit State
2.8...................... Wind Loads (incl. All sub-clauses)
2.9.2................... (Thermal effects) Variation in Average Bridge temperature
2.9.3................... (Thermal effects) Differential temperatures
2.13.1................. (Earthquake Effects) General
2.13.2................. Earthquake Resistant Design
2.13.4................. Equivalent Quasi-static Earthquake Forces
2.19.3................. (Road Signs and lighting Structures) Design Wind Speeds
2.19.4................. Design Wind Pressure
5.1.1.2................ (Scope and Application) Application
5.1.5................... (Scope and Application) Construction
5.2.4.3................ (Design for Serviceability) Cracking
5.4.3................... (Design for Durability) Exposure Classification
5.4.10.3 ............. (Design for Durability) Cover for Corrosion Protection
5.6.1.1................ (Properties of Concrete) Strength
5.6.1.7................ (Properties of Concrete) Shrinkage
5.6.1.8................ (Properties of Concrete) Creep
5.6.2.1................ (Properties of Reinforcement) Strength
5.6.3.1................ (Properties of Tendons) Strength
5.6.3.2................ (Properties of Tendons) Modulus of Elasticity
5.6.3.4................ (Properties of Tendons) Relaxation of Tendons
5.13.1.2 ............. (Stress Development in Reinforcement) Development Length for Bar in Tension
5.14.2.2 ............. (Embedded Items and Holes in Concrete) Limitations of Materials
5.16.1.1 ............. Materials for Concrete and Grout
5.16.1.2 ............. (Material Requirements for Concrete and Grout) Normal-class Concrete
5.16.2.1 ............. (Material Requirements for Reinforcing Steel) Reinforcement
5.16.3.4 ............. (Material Requirements for Prestressing Ducts, Anchorages and Tendons) Tendons
5A ...................... Appendix 5A Reference Documents
6.2.1................... Yield Stress and Tensile Stress Used in Design
6.3.8................... Design for Fire Resistance
Railway Supplement to Sections 1 - 5
1.1.1................... (General Principles) Applicability
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