Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF OPENINGS
1.3 ELASTIC STRESS DISTRIBUTION AROUND OPENINGS
1.4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 2. BEAMS WITH SMALL OPENINGS
2.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
2.2 PURE BENDING
2.3 BENDING AND SHEAR
2.3.1 Behavior of Beams in Shear
2.3.2 Traditional Design Approach
2.3.3 AIJ Approach
2.3.4 Plasticity Truss Method
2.4 EFFECT OF TORSION
2.4.1 Behavior of Beams in Torsion
2.4.2 Analysis for Ultimate Strength
2.5 DESIGN FOR TORSION
2.5.1 Design for Beam-Type Failure
2.5.2 Design for Frame-Type Failure
2.5.3 Considerations for Detailing
2.6 EFFECT OF CREATING OPENINGS IN EXISTING BEAMS
2.6.1 Cracking and Crack Widths
2.6.2 Stiffness and Deflection
2.6.3 Ultimate Strength
2.6.4 Remarks
CHAPTER 3. BEAMS WITH LARGE RECTANGULAR OPENINGS
3.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
3.2 BEAM BEHAVIOR UNDER BENDING AND SHEAR
3.3 ANALYSIS AT COLLAPSE
3.3.1 Limit Analysis
3.3.2 Plasticity Truss Model 3.3.3 Strut-and-The Model
3.4 DESIGN FOR ULTIMATE STRENGTH
3.4.1 Plastic Hinge Method
3.4.2 Plasticity Truss Method
3.4.3 Strut-and-Tie Method
3.5 CRACK CONTROL
3.6 CALCULATION OF DEFLECTIONS
3.7 MULTIPLE OPENINGS AND DESIGN OF POSTS
CHAPTER 4. TORSION IN BEAMS WITH RECTANGULAR OPENINGS
4.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
4.2 PURE TORSION
4.2.1 Behavior of Beams in Pure Torsion
4.2.2 Outline of Analysis
4.2.3 Analysis for Ultimate Torque
4.2.4 Experimental Verification
4.2.5 Simplified Design Method
4.3 TORSION COMBINED WITH BENDING
4.4 COMBINED TORSION, BENDING, AND SHEAR
CHAPTER 5. CONTINUOUS BEAMS
5.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
5.2 ELASTIC ANALYSIS
5.2.1 Equivalent Flexural Stiffness
5.2.2 Equivalent Shear Stiffness
5.2.3 Member Stiffness and Transfer Matrix
5.2.4 Analysis Procedure
5.2.5 Comparison with Test Data
5.3 DESIGN PROCEDURE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.3.1 General Guidelines
5.3.2 Recommended Design Procedure
CHAPTER 6 EFFECT OF PRESTRESSING
6.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
6.2 STRESS CONCENTRATION AND STRESS DISTRIBUTION
6.2.1 Normal Stresses
6.2.2 Shear Stresses
6.3 TYPES OF CRACKING AND CRACK CONTROL
6.3.1 Cracking Due to Prestressing Force at Transfer
6.3.2 Cracking Around the Openings at Service Load
6.4 DEFLECTIONS
6.5 DESIGN AND DETAILING FOR ULTIMATE STRENGTH
6.5.1 General Detailing Requirements and Recommendations
6.5.2 Check for Ultimate Strength
REFERENCES
INDEX
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